Singapore

Hepatitis B

Download HBV data

Prevalence of chronic HBV (HBsAg+)

National

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
2.69 (2.51 - 2.86)	2019	Modelled	IHME
2.67 (2.49 - 2.85)	2018	Modelled	IHME
2.66 (2.47 - 2.87)	2017	Modelled	IHME
2.65 (2.47 - 2.82)	2016	Modelled	IHME
2.65 (2.47 - 2.83)	2015	Modelled	IHME
2.66 (2.48 - 2.83)	2014	Modelled	IHME
2.69 (2.51 - 2.85)	2013	Modelled	IHME
2.73 (2.55 - 2.90)	2012	Modelled	IHME
2.77 (2.59 - 2.96)	2011	Modelled	IHME
2.81 (2.63 - 3.03)	2010	Modelled	IHME
2.85 (2.67 - 3.04)	2009	Modelled	IHME
2.9 (2.71 - 3.09)	2008	Modelled	IHME
2.95 (2.75 - 3.14)	2007	Modelled	IHME
3 (2.79 - 3.20)	2006	Modelled	IHME
3.05 (2.82 - 3.27)	2005	Modelled	IHME
3.11 (2.87 - 3.32)	2004	Modelled	IHME
3.17 (2.93 - 3.38)	2003	Modelled	IHME
3.23 (2.99 - 3.45)	2002	Modelled	IHME
3.29 (3.02 - 3.54)	2001	Modelled	IHME
3.34 (3.05 - 3.61)	2000	Modelled	IHME
3.39 (3.12 - 3.66)	1999	Modelled	IHME
3.44 (3.18 - 3.70)	1998	Modelled	IHME
3.49 (3.23 - 3.75)	1997	Modelled	IHME
3.54 (3.28 - 3.81)	1996	Modelled	IHME
3.59 (3.31 - 3.87)	1995	Modelled	IHME
3.65 (3.39 - 3.93)	1994	Modelled	IHME
3.71 (3.44 - 4.01)	1993	Modelled	IHME
3.78 (3.50 - 4.09)	1992	Modelled	IHME
3.84 (3.55 - 4.19)	1991	Modelled	IHME
3.91 (3.60 - 4.32)	1990	Modelled	IHME
2.61 (2.08 - 3.19)	2015	Modelled	WHO
2.4 (2.10 - 2.70)	2016	Modelled	Razavi-Shearer et al, 2018
4.09 (3.87 - 4.33)	2013	Modelled	Schweitzer et al, 2015

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Children under-5 years

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0.1 (0.08 - 0.14)	2019	Modelled	IHME
0.1 (0.08 - 0.13)	2018	Modelled	IHME
0.1 (0.08 - 0.14)	2017	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.08 - 0.14)	2016	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.08 - 0.15)	2015	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.08 - 0.15)	2014	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.09 - 0.14)	2013	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.09 - 0.14)	2012	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.09 - 0.14)	2011	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.08 - 0.14)	2010	Modelled	IHME
0.11 (0.09 - 0.15)	2009	Modelled	IHME
0.12 (0.09 - 0.15)	2008	Modelled	IHME
0.13 (0.10 - 0.17)	2007	Modelled	IHME
0.13 (0.10 - 0.17)	2006	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.18)	2005	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.18)	2004	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.18)	2003	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.18)	2002	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.18)	2001	Modelled	IHME
0.14 (0.11 - 0.19)	2000	Modelled	IHME
0.15 (0.11 - 0.19)	1999	Modelled	IHME
0.15 (0.12 - 0.20)	1998	Modelled	IHME
0.16 (0.13 - 0.21)	1997	Modelled	IHME
0.18 (0.14 - 0.23)	1996	Modelled	IHME
0.19 (0.15 - 0.25)	1995	Modelled	IHME
0.22 (0.17 - 0.28)	1994	Modelled	IHME
0.26 (0.20 - 0.33)	1993	Modelled	IHME
0.31 (0.24 - 0.40)	1992	Modelled	IHME
0.37 (0.28 - 0.48)	1991	Modelled	IHME
0.43 (0.33 - 0.57)	1990	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.32 - 0.66)	2015	Modelled	WHO
0.3 (20 - 4.90)	2010	Survey/reported	WHO WPRO, Woodring J et al, 2017

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Technical notes

Number of people living with chronic HBV

National

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Value	Year	Type	Source
119,238 (109,656 - 131,590)	1990	Modelled	IHME
120,489 (111,400 - 131,314)	1991	Modelled	IHME
121,994 (113,144 - 132,211)	1992	Modelled	IHME
122,991 (114,138 - 132,837)	1993	Modelled	IHME
124,817 (115,750 - 134,325)	1994	Modelled	IHME
126,630 (116,813 - 136,471)	1995	Modelled	IHME
129,922 (120,271 - 139,672)	1996	Modelled	IHME
132,481 (122,599 - 142,380)	1997	Modelled	IHME
135,177 (124,963 - 145,154)	1998	Modelled	IHME
134,344 (123,593 - 144,794)	1999	Modelled	IHME
134,649 (122,903 - 145,329)	2000	Modelled	IHME
135,988 (124,908 - 146,326)	2001	Modelled	IHME
134,768 (125,011 - 144,187)	2002	Modelled	IHME
130,330 (120,772 - 139,135)	2003	Modelled	IHME
129,525 (119,765 - 138,374)	2004	Modelled	IHME
130,254 (120,309 - 139,285)	2005	Modelled	IHME
132,080 (122,793 - 140,715)	2006	Modelled	IHME
135,326 (126,084 - 144,081)	2007	Modelled	IHME
140,318 (131,041 - 149,379)	2008	Modelled	IHME
142,307 (132,919 - 151,772)	2009	Modelled	IHME
142,748 (133,321 - 153,622)	2010	Modelled	IHME
143,566 (134,296 - 153,395)	2011	Modelled	IHME
144,811 (135,522 - 153,864)	2012	Modelled	IHME
145,066 (135,733 - 154,130)	2013	Modelled	IHME
145,422 (135,870 - 154,758)	2014	Modelled	IHME
146,554 (136,673 - 156,885)	2015	Modelled	IHME
148,767 (138,414 - 158,345)	2016	Modelled	IHME
149,398 (138,397 - 161,134)	2017	Modelled	IHME
150,722 (140,371 - 160,519)	2018	Modelled	IHME
152,409 (142,263 - 161,872)	2019	Modelled	IHME
134,000 (116,000 - 154,000)	2016	Modelled	Razavi-Shearer et al, 2018

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HBV-related death rate

National

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Value (per 100,000)	Year	Type	Source
8.87 (7.41 - 10.40)	2019	Modelled	IHME
8.64 (7.25 - 10)	2018	Modelled	IHME
8.32 (6.98 - 9.56)	2017	Modelled	IHME
8.2 (6.96 - 9.38)	2016	Modelled	IHME
8.02 (6.83 - 9.17)	2015	Modelled	IHME
7.93 (6.78 - 9.01)	2014	Modelled	IHME
7.8 (6.73 - 8.81)	2013	Modelled	IHME
7.71 (6.65 - 8.71)	2012	Modelled	IHME
7.64 (6.60 - 8.61)	2011	Modelled	IHME
7.55 (6.56 - 8.48)	2010	Modelled	IHME
7.43 (6.46 - 8.32)	2009	Modelled	IHME
7.52 (6.54 - 8.40)	2008	Modelled	IHME
7.51 (6.53 - 8.43)	2007	Modelled	IHME
7.38 (6.42 - 8.30)	2006	Modelled	IHME
7.45 (6.49 - 8.37)	2005	Modelled	IHME
7.63 (6.69 - 8.54)	2004	Modelled	IHME
7.58 (6.65 - 8.47)	2003	Modelled	IHME
7.47 (6.60 - 8.34)	2002	Modelled	IHME
7.34 (6.53 - 8.14)	2001	Modelled	IHME
7.49 (6.66 - 8.31)	2000	Modelled	IHME
7.4 (6.59 - 8.18)	1999	Modelled	IHME
7.34 (6.51 - 8.11)	1998	Modelled	IHME
7.34 (6.57 - 8.08)	1997	Modelled	IHME
7.47 (6.71 - 8.21)	1996	Modelled	IHME
7.61 (6.84 - 8.38)	1995	Modelled	IHME
7.46 (6.70 - 8.22)	1994	Modelled	IHME
7.33 (6.58 - 8.07)	1993	Modelled	IHME
7.42 (6.69 - 8.14)	1992	Modelled	IHME
7.57 (6.83 - 8.30)	1991	Modelled	IHME
7.87 (7.13 - 8.60)	1990	Modelled	IHME

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Technical notes

HBV-related deaths

National

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Value	Year	Type	Source
502 (420 - 588)	2019	Modelled	IHME
487 (409 - 565)	2018	Modelled	IHME
467 (392 - 537)	2017	Modelled	IHME
460 (390 - 526)	2016	Modelled	IHME
444 (378 - 508)	2015	Modelled	IHME
434 (371 - 493)	2014	Modelled	IHME
421 (363 - 476)	2013	Modelled	IHME
409 (353 - 463)	2012	Modelled	IHME
396 (342 - 446)	2011	Modelled	IHME
383 (333 - 431)	2010	Modelled	IHME
371 (322 - 415)	2009	Modelled	IHME
364 (317 - 407)	2008	Modelled	IHME
345 (299 - 387)	2007	Modelled	IHME
325 (283 - 365)	2006	Modelled	IHME
318 (277 - 357)	2005	Modelled	IHME
318 (279 - 356)	2004	Modelled	IHME
312 (274 - 349)	2003	Modelled	IHME
312 (276 - 348)	2002	Modelled	IHME
304 (270 - 337)	2001	Modelled	IHME
302 (268 - 335)	2000	Modelled	IHME
293 (261 - 324)	1999	Modelled	IHME
288 (255 - 319)	1998	Modelled	IHME
279 (249 - 307)	1997	Modelled	IHME
274 (246 - 301)	1996	Modelled	IHME
268 (241 - 296)	1995	Modelled	IHME
255 (229 - 281)	1994	Modelled	IHME
243 (218 - 267)	1993	Modelled	IHME
240 (216 - 263)	1992	Modelled	IHME
237 (214 - 260)	1991	Modelled	IHME
240 (217 - 262)	1990	Modelled	IHME
727	2016	Modelled	WHO

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Technical notes

Percent of liver cancer deaths attributable to HBV

National

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
55 (45 - 66)	2019	Modelled	IHME
56 (45 - 66)	2018	Modelled	IHME
56 (45 - 66)	2017	Modelled	IHME
56 (46 - 66)	2016	Modelled	IHME
56 (46 - 66)	2015	Modelled	IHME
56 (46 - 66)	2014	Modelled	IHME
57 (47 - 66)	2013	Modelled	IHME
57 (47 - 67)	2012	Modelled	IHME
57 (48 - 67)	2011	Modelled	IHME
58 (48 - 67)	2010	Modelled	IHME
58 (48 - 68)	2009	Modelled	IHME
59 (49 - 68)	2008	Modelled	IHME
59 (49 - 68)	2007	Modelled	IHME
59 (49 - 69)	2006	Modelled	IHME
59 (49 - 69)	2005	Modelled	IHME
59 (49 - 69)	2004	Modelled	IHME
60 (50 - 69)	2003	Modelled	IHME
61 (51 - 70)	2002	Modelled	IHME
61 (52 - 70)	2001	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	2000	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1999	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1998	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1997	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1996	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1995	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1994	Modelled	IHME
62 (53 - 71)	1993	Modelled	IHME
63 (54 - 72)	1992	Modelled	IHME
63 (54 - 72)	1991	Modelled	IHME
64 (55 - 72)	1990	Modelled	IHME

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Technical notes

Coverage of HepB birth dose

Newborns

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
91	2019	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
91	2018	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
91	2017	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
91	2016	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
71	2015	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
68	2014	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
68	2013	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
67	2012	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
69	2011	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
69	2010	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
69	2009	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
71	2008	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
72	2007	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
74	2006	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
74	2005	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
72	2004	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF
77	2003	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF

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Technical notes

Coverage of 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine

Infants

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
96	2019	Survey/reported	WHO/UNICEF

Technical notes

Number of needles/syringes per PWID per year

People who inject drugs (PWID)

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Value	Year	Type	Source
0 (0 - 0)	2016	Survey/reported	Harm Reduction International, 2016

Technical notes

Percent of PWID accessing OST

People who inject drugs (PWID)

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0	2016	Survey/reported	Harm Reduction International, 2016

HBV National Action Plan

HBV elimination goal

HepB birth dose policy

Yes

Source: WHO

Year of birth dose introduction

1998

Source: WHO

Eligible for HBV generic medicines

Source: MPP

HCV National Action Plan

HCV elimination goal

Eligible for HCV generic medicines

Source: MPP

At least one needle-syringe exchange program (NSP) operational

Source: Harm Reduction International

At least one opioid substitution therapy (OST) program operational

Source: Harm Reduction International

NSP in at least one prison

Source: Harm Reduction International

OST in at least one prison

Source: Harm Reduction International

Hepatitis C

Download HCV data

Prevalence of chronic HCV (RNA+/cAg)

National

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0.58 (0.47 - 0.72)	2019	Modelled	IHME
0.57 (0.46 - 0.70)	2018	Modelled	IHME
0.55 (0.45 - 0.68)	2017	Modelled	IHME
0.54 (0.44 - 0.66)	2016	Modelled	IHME
0.53 (0.43 - 0.65)	2015	Modelled	IHME
0.52 (0.42 - 0.64)	2014	Modelled	IHME
0.51 (0.42 - 0.63)	2013	Modelled	IHME
0.51 (0.41 - 0.62)	2012	Modelled	IHME
0.5 (0.41 - 0.62)	2011	Modelled	IHME
0.5 (0.40 - 0.61)	2010	Modelled	IHME
0.49 (0.40 - 0.61)	2009	Modelled	IHME
0.49 (0.40 - 0.60)	2008	Modelled	IHME
0.49 (0.39 - 0.60)	2007	Modelled	IHME
0.49 (0.39 - 0.60)	2006	Modelled	IHME
0.48 (0.39 - 0.60)	2005	Modelled	IHME
0.48 (0.39 - 0.59)	2004	Modelled	IHME
0.48 (0.39 - 0.59)	2003	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.38 - 0.59)	2002	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.38 - 0.59)	2001	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.38 - 0.59)	2000	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.38 - 0.58)	1999	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.37 - 0.58)	1998	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.37 - 0.58)	1997	Modelled	IHME
0.46 (0.37 - 0.58)	1996	Modelled	IHME
0.46 (0.37 - 0.57)	1995	Modelled	IHME
0.46 (0.37 - 0.57)	1994	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.37 - 0.57)	1993	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.37 - 0.58)	1992	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.37 - 0.58)	1991	Modelled	IHME
0.47 (0.38 - 0.59)	1990	Modelled	IHME

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Women of childbearing age (15–49 years)

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0.16 (0.08 - 0.18)	2019	Modelled	Dugan et al., 2021

Technical notes

Prevalence of anti-HCV

National

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
1.7	2019	Modelled	Jin et al. 2017

Men who have sex with men (MSM) Living with HIV

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0 (0 - 1.40)	2019	Modelled	Jin et al. 2017

People who inject drugs (PWID)

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
42.5 (39.10 - 45.90)	2006	Survey/reported	Winslow M et al, 2007

Men who have sex with men (MSM)

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
0	2019	Modelled	Jin et al. 2017

Technical notes

Number of people living with chronic HCV (RNA+/cAg)

National

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Value	Year	Type	Source
14,371 (11,462 - 17,866)	1990	Modelled	IHME
14,701 (11,745 - 18,209)	1991	Modelled	IHME
15,079 (12,034 - 18,640)	1992	Modelled	IHME
15,412 (12,347 - 19,048)	1993	Modelled	IHME
15,869 (12,696 - 19,642)	1994	Modelled	IHME
16,347 (13,032 - 20,253)	1995	Modelled	IHME
17,038 (13,590 - 21,136)	1996	Modelled	IHME
17,656 (14,046 - 21,924)	1997	Modelled	IHME
18,320 (14,646 - 22,767)	1998	Modelled	IHME
18,531 (14,888 - 23,083)	1999	Modelled	IHME
18,926 (15,260 - 23,590)	2000	Modelled	IHME
19,521 (15,790 - 24,302)	2001	Modelled	IHME
19,805 (16,003 - 24,535)	2002	Modelled	IHME
19,634 (15,879 - 24,336)	2003	Modelled	IHME
20,006 (16,222 - 24,785)	2004	Modelled	IHME
20,606 (16,683 - 25,602)	2005	Modelled	IHME
21,379 (17,274 - 26,418)	2006	Modelled	IHME
22,409 (18,117 - 27,559)	2007	Modelled	IHME
23,767 (19,238 - 29,267)	2008	Modelled	IHME
24,648 (19,995 - 30,303)	2009	Modelled	IHME
25,273 (20,557 - 31,040)	2010	Modelled	IHME
26,021 (21,096 - 31,944)	2011	Modelled	IHME
26,927 (21,926 - 33,019)	2012	Modelled	IHME
27,676 (22,526 - 33,955)	2013	Modelled	IHME
28,405 (23,058 - 34,922)	2014	Modelled	IHME
29,175 (23,688 - 35,729)	2015	Modelled	IHME
30,184 (24,616 - 37,128)	2016	Modelled	IHME
30,996 (25,180 - 38,130)	2017	Modelled	IHME
31,989 (25,987 - 39,400)	2018	Modelled	IHME
33,107 (26,863 - 41,030)	2019	Modelled	IHME

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Women of childbearing age (15–49 years)

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Value	Year	Type	Source
2,200 (1,200 - 2,500)	2019	Modelled	Dugan et al., 2021

HCV-related death rate

National

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Value (Deaths per 100,000)	Year	Type	Source
3.88 (2.75 - 5.07)	2019	Modelled	IHME
3.67 (2.63 - 4.78)	2018	Modelled	IHME
3.5 (2.53 - 4.58)	2017	Modelled	IHME
3.42 (2.48 - 4.47)	2016	Modelled	IHME
3.34 (2.41 - 4.36)	2015	Modelled	IHME
3.27 (2.37 - 4.28)	2014	Modelled	IHME
3.17 (2.30 - 4.13)	2013	Modelled	IHME
3.08 (2.25 - 4.03)	2012	Modelled	IHME
3 (2.18 - 3.91)	2011	Modelled	IHME
2.91 (2.11 - 3.79)	2010	Modelled	IHME
2.82 (2.05 - 3.68)	2009	Modelled	IHME
2.81 (2.05 - 3.65)	2008	Modelled	IHME
2.8 (2.04 - 3.64)	2007	Modelled	IHME
2.74 (1.99 - 3.56)	2006	Modelled	IHME
2.73 (1.98 - 3.55)	2005	Modelled	IHME
2.78 (2.03 - 3.61)	2004	Modelled	IHME
2.66 (1.95 - 3.43)	2003	Modelled	IHME
2.51 (1.85 - 3.22)	2002	Modelled	IHME
2.39 (1.76 - 3.05)	2001	Modelled	IHME
2.36 (1.73 - 3.02)	2000	Modelled	IHME
2.27 (1.68 - 2.91)	1999	Modelled	IHME
2.23 (1.65 - 2.84)	1998	Modelled	IHME
2.22 (1.66 - 2.81)	1997	Modelled	IHME
2.23 (1.68 - 2.82)	1996	Modelled	IHME
2.25 (1.70 - 2.85)	1995	Modelled	IHME
2.15 (1.63 - 2.70)	1994	Modelled	IHME
2.08 (1.56 - 2.61)	1993	Modelled	IHME
2.02 (1.53 - 2.55)	1992	Modelled	IHME
1.98 (1.50 - 2.50)	1991	Modelled	IHME
1.99 (1.50 - 2.51)	1990	Modelled	IHME

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Technical notes

HCV-related deaths

National

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Value	Year	Type	Source
220 (156 - 287)	2019	Modelled	IHME
207 (148 - 270)	2018	Modelled	IHME
196 (142 - 257)	2017	Modelled	IHME
192 (139 - 250)	2016	Modelled	IHME
185 (134 - 241)	2015	Modelled	IHME
179 (130 - 234)	2014	Modelled	IHME
171 (124 - 223)	2013	Modelled	IHME
164 (120 - 214)	2012	Modelled	IHME
155 (113 - 203)	2011	Modelled	IHME
148 (107 - 193)	2010	Modelled	IHME
141 (102 - 184)	2009	Modelled	IHME
136 (99 - 177)	2008	Modelled	IHME
128 (93 - 167)	2007	Modelled	IHME
120 (88 - 157)	2006	Modelled	IHME
117 (85 - 152)	2005	Modelled	IHME
116 (84 - 151)	2004	Modelled	IHME
109 (80 - 141)	2003	Modelled	IHME
105 (77 - 134)	2002	Modelled	IHME
99 (73 - 126)	2001	Modelled	IHME
95 (70 - 122)	2000	Modelled	IHME
90 (66 - 115)	1999	Modelled	IHME
88 (65 - 111)	1998	Modelled	IHME
84 (63 - 107)	1997	Modelled	IHME
82 (62 - 103)	1996	Modelled	IHME
79 (60 - 100)	1995	Modelled	IHME
74 (56 - 92)	1994	Modelled	IHME
69 (52 - 86)	1993	Modelled	IHME
65 (49 - 82)	1992	Modelled	IHME
62 (47 - 78)	1991	Modelled	IHME
61 (46 - 77)	1990	Modelled	IHME
134	2016	Modelled	WHO

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Technical notes

Percent of liver cancer deaths attributable to HCV

National

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Value (%)	Year	Type	Source
29 (20 - 39)	2019	Modelled	IHME
29 (20 - 38)	2018	Modelled	IHME
29 (20 - 38)	2017	Modelled	IHME
29 (20 - 38)	2016	Modelled	IHME
29 (20 - 38)	2015	Modelled	IHME
28 (20 - 38)	2014	Modelled	IHME
28 (19 - 37)	2013	Modelled	IHME
28 (19 - 37)	2012	Modelled	IHME
27 (19 - 37)	2011	Modelled	IHME
27 (18 - 36)	2010	Modelled	IHME
27 (18 - 36)	2009	Modelled	IHME
26 (18 - 35)	2008	Modelled	IHME
26 (18 - 35)	2007	Modelled	IHME
26 (18 - 35)	2006	Modelled	IHME
26 (18 - 35)	2005	Modelled	IHME
26 (18 - 35)	2004	Modelled	IHME
25 (17 - 34)	2003	Modelled	IHME
25 (17 - 33)	2002	Modelled	IHME
24 (17 - 33)	2001	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	2000	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1999	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 31)	1998	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1997	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1996	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1995	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1994	Modelled	IHME
24 (16 - 32)	1993	Modelled	IHME
23 (16 - 31)	1992	Modelled	IHME
23 (16 - 31)	1991	Modelled	IHME
23 (15 - 31)	1990	Modelled	IHME